RSV, short for Respiratory Syncytial Virus, is a virus that primarily causes respiratory diseases. It can affect both the upper respiratory system, which includes the nose, larynx, and throat, and the lower respiratory system, which includes the large bronchi, small bronchi, and lungs. While children above 6 years old, and occasionally adults, may only experience symptoms in the upper respiratory system, RSV in young children from birth to 6 years can impact both the upper and lower respiratory systems.

• Fever (low to high), usually the first 2 days
• Clear nasal discharge initially that may become stickier over the next few days
• Productive cough, sometimes coughing until vomiting
• Wheezing and difficulty breathing (if the virus spreads to the lower respiratory system)

When parents bring their child to a pediatrician, the treatment approach will depend on the severity of the symptoms. Children with milder symptoms may be treated as outpatients, while those with more severe symptoms or multiple congenital diseases may require hospitalization. Since there is currently, no medication available to completely eradicate the RSV virus, treatment primarily focuses on alleviating the symptoms. This may include IV fluid hydration, the use of nebulized bronchodilators to loosen up sticky phlegm, and drugs to reduce mucus production. In some cases, especially when super imposed bacterial infection is suspected antibiotic may be indicated.  Or if the child has pre-existing conditions such as respiratory allergies problems, or reactive airway disease, anti-inflammatory drugs or steroids may be needed.

The rainy season in Thailand, lasting from July to November, is also the peak time for RSV outbreaks. During this period, parents need to be particularly vigilant. If a child begins to show symptoms of a cold, it is essential to consider the possibility of RSV or Influenza, which are more common during these months. Early detection and timely treatment are crucial to manage the illness effectively and prevent more severe complications.

Preventing RSV involves a combination of general and specific preventive measures. General prevention strategies include maintaining good hygiene, such as regular hand washing, wearing masks, and avoiding crowded places where sick individuals may be present. If a child is unwell, they should remain at home to prevent spreading the virus to others. Specific prevention measures can involve vaccination or immunization against RSV. However, it is important to note that in Thailand, there is currently no RSV vaccine available, for children in general. The existing RSV vaccine is intended for adults aged 60 and older, as elderly individuals can also experience severe symptoms from RSV infections.

"Nirsevimab" Fast-acting passive immunization to help prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease

• Beyfortus 1 shot (50 mg or 100 mg RSV antibody)
• Beyfortus 2 shots (200 mg RSV antibody)