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Kidney Stones

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Kidney stones are small, hard mineral deposits that form inside your kidneys.

Causes

To discover the cause of kidney stones, it is important to analyze the stone to identify the type. The urine must also be laboratory tested to determine the causes so that the most appropriate treatment can be provided.
Many factors contributing to the formation of kidney stones include:

  1. Less urination.
  2. Urinary tract infection.
  3. Eating certain foods.
  4. Taking certain medications.
  5. Excessive amounts of certain substances in the urine, such as calcium (which can combine with oxalate or phosphate) or uric acid.
  • Pain in the back or the sides of the body.
  • Blood in urine.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Fever and chills.
  • Frequent urination or severe urge to urinate immediately.
  • Pain when urinating.
แพทย์สามารถตรวจและวินิจฉัยโรคนิ่วในไตและท่อไตได้จากการซักประวัติและตรวจร่างกาย ร่วมกับการตรวจต่างๆ อาทิ ตรวจเลือดเพื่อหาแคลเซียมและกรดยูริก ตรวจปัสสาวะเพื่อหาสารต่างๆ ที่เป็นส่วนประกอบของนิ่ว การตรวจด้วยภาพ เช่น ตรวจอัลตราซาวนด์ เอกซเรย์คอมพิวเตอร์ (CT scan) และการฉีดสีเพื่อตรวจไตและระบบทางเดินปัสสาวะ
  • Pain medication or administration of fluids orally or intravenously.
  • Dissolving the stone.
  • Surgery.
  • Take medications as prescribed. Do not change or stop taking prescribed medications unless directed by the doctor.
  • Drink plenty of water at least 2.5 liters or as doctor’s suggestion.
  • Avoid holding the urine for a long time. Try to move the body as often as possible.
  • Keep the body weight within the normal body mass index (BMI) range.
  • Limit or avoid foods high in uric acid, calcium, and oxalate.
  • Patient with uric acid stones should cut down on high-purine foods such as animal entrails, poultry, nuts, and protein from meat. Protein will increase the excretion of calcium, uric acid and oxalate in the urine, causing kidney stones.
  • Patient with calcium stones should avoid high-sodium rich foods as it may affect the urinary calcium excretion.
  • Taking vitamin C, vitamin D, and calcium supplements may cause kidney stones compared to healthy people. Please consult the doctor before taking any supplements.
  • After exercising or if you work in a hot environment and sweat excessively, drink plenty of water to replace the loss fluids, as appropriate for your medical condition.
  • Always observe color and physical characteristics of urine. If the urine is cloudy or reddish (with occult blood) or contains kidney stones, collect the sample for the physician’s investigation and treatment.
  • Be sure to make and go to the follow-up appointment. If the symptoms are getting worse or you think you may be suffering from kidney stones, please see your doctor immediately for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious complications.

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