Get to Know Hepatitis E: A Hidden Threat Transmitted Through Food and Water

There are several types of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis E is one that many people may be less familiar with compared to others. Hepatitis E is caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), which can lead to acute liver inflammation with varying degrees of severity — ranging from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening illness in high-risk groups.
 

What Causes Hepatitis E?

• Drinking contaminated water, especially water contaminated with fecal matter which contains viruses

• Eating undercooked or raw meat

What are the symptoms of Hepatitis E?

Most people with a Hepatitis E infection have no symptoms. For those who do develop symptoms, they typically appear 2–10 weeks after infection (on average about 5–6 weeks).
 

Symptoms during the first 2–3 days may include:

• Abdominal pain

• Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite

• Fever

Other symptoms may include:

• Diarrhea

• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)

• Darker colored urine

• Pale-colored stools

• Joint pain and skin rash

• Itchiness

How severe is Hepatitis E?

Although most infected individuals completely recover within a few weeks without any treatment, certain individuals are at risk of severe and potentially life-threatening complications.
Certain individuals include:

• Pregnant women, especially during the third trimester, as the virus may cause liver failure, miscarriage, or stillbirth

• People with weakened immune systems, such as older adults with underlying conditions or organ transplant recipients. In these individuals, the infection may become chronic due to the body being unable to fully eliminate the virus, leading to liver damage and an increased risk of acute liver failure

How is Hepatitis E diagnosed?

Doctors will take a detailed medical history and perform blood tests and/or stool tests to confirm the diagnosis.
 

Can Hepatitis E be treated?

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for Hepatitis E. Treatment typically focuses on supportive care with most patients recovering on their own within 1–6 weeks. Recommendations include:

• Getting adequate rest

• Drinking plenty of water

• Eating a balanced diet

• Avoiding alcohol

• Consulting a doctor before taking any medications that may harm the liver

For patients with weakened immunity systems, chronic diseases, or severe symptoms, doctors may consider antiviral medication. Pregnant women may require hospitalization and close monitoring.
 

How can Hepatitis E be prevented?

• Eat clean, freshly cooked food and ensure all meats are thoroughly cooked

• Store cooked food separately from raw food to prevent cross-contamination

• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before consumption

• Clean or filtered water and ice

• Wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially before food preparation, eating, and after using the restroom

• Use serving spoons when sharing food with others

 
Caring for the digestive system and liver requires specialized expertise. If you experience unusual symptoms or have any concerns, the Digestive Disease (GI) and Liver Center at Bumrungrad International Hospital has a team of gastroenterology and hepatology specialists ready to provide consultation, accurate diagnoses, and personalized treatment planning — helping you return to good health.