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慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)
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コンテンツの翻訳を進めています。 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease , or COPD, is a common form of chronic inflammatory lung disease. It is one of the major causes of death worldwide. The disease is characterized by inflammation and damage of the airways, lung tissue, and pulmonary veins as a result of exposure to gases and chemicals that cause prolonged irritation. These can cause airways to gradually narrow and constrict or lead to permanent obstruction — which cannot be fully rehabilitated. The 2 most common forms of COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis, conditions that often occur in conjunction with one another; asthma and bronchiectasis are also related forms of the disease.
The most common causes of COPD are as follows:
During the initial stages of the disease, symptoms do not present themselves until the lungs become increasingly damaged, at which point the patient will develop a chronic cough, an accumulation of phlegm in the early mornings after waking, tiredness, a lack of energy, difficulty breathing, tightness in the chest, wheezing, and regular chest infections. Some sufferers may even develop additional symptoms such as chest pain, coughing up blood, and the mouth and finger nails turning purple.
As the condition worsens, patients will become so weak that their normal physical activities become a struggle and they drastically lose weight. Eventually, during the final stages of the disease, respiratory infections will become more frequent and may lead to respiratory failure or congestive heart failure.
The doctor diagnoses COPD by assessing the medical history of the patient and their family, reviewing the patient’s lifestyle, asking the patient about the symptoms, as well as performing a full body check-up and various other laboratory-based assessments including:
Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is incurable, there are ways to relieve some of the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease:
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