• Acute renal failure
• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
• Electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities
• Genetic and non-genetic renal diseases (e.g., polycystic kidney disease, Alport's syndrome, glomerulonephritis, end-stage renal disease)
• Hypertension and diabetes based kidney complications*

*It is important to note that hypertension and diabetes are the most common causes of kidney failure. It is very important to control hypertension and diabetes to slow down chronic kidney disease. Often Chronic kidney disease will also lead to hypertension.

Definitions

Renal: : Another word for “kidney”, from the Latin word “ren” meaning kidneys, used as an adjective.
Dialysis: : A process of cleaning waste and other unwanted substances from blood.
Apheresis: : A process of taking out only certain parts of a patient’s blood, and returning the rest to the same patient.

• 24-hour urine collection to measure the components of urine
• Blood examination
  • Complete blood count (CBC) with differential
  • BUN
  • Serum creatinine
  • Electrolyte content (sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, calcium, phosphate, albumin)
  • Total protein
  • Cholesterol level

• Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) using serum creatinine (a preferred method for detecting chronic kidney disease and other kidney related issues)
• Kidney imaging studies: Renal ultrasound, kidney dopplers, CT scan, magnetic resonance angiography
  • To evaluate for urinary tract obstruction (e.g. kidney stones)
  • To estimate the size of the kidney
  • To evaluate for polycystic renal disease
  • To detect conditions such as renal artery stenosis

• Quantitation of proteinuria (detection of the levels of protein in urine, a key indicator of kidney problems)
  • Urine protein/creatinine ratio
  • Urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio

• Urinalysis and review of urinary sediment (for the detection of chronic kidney disease and the identification of the type of kidney disease)

• Apheresis (plasmapheresis, double filtration, immonoabsorbtion)
• Kidney dialysis (in the Dialysis Center)
• Liver dialysis
• Nutritional consultation: Advice about diet controlled program from nutritionist who is special in kidney’s disease
• Renal replacement therapies
  • Intermittent hemodialysis (ultra-pure water, hemodiafiltration )
  • Continuous renal replacement therapy
  • Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
  • Kidney transplantation (Only donations from living relations for international patients)

Pharmacists provide pharmaceutical care for kidney disease patients who usually take several medications together. Our pharmacists:

• Provide knowledge and understanding of medications, e.g. information on how to take medications, how medications interact with the body, and medication side effects (and how to minimize them)
• Educate to improve patient’s desire for drug administration adherence
• Assess and identify drug related problems such as drug interaction, duplication, allergy, etc. and work with your doctor on how to minimize negative side effects
• Perform medication review for patients who have more than one physician or disease

• Chronic Kidney Disease program: Nephrologists work with patient care team to provide consultation and education with the main purpose is to prevent or delay the progression of chronic kidney disease and the development of complication
• Kidney transplantation program:  Our transplant programs are multidisciplinary, with combined medical-surgical clinics and inpatient services (please note there are legal limitations for transplantation services for international patients which are strictly adhered to - please ask us about these limitations before scheduling an appointment)
• Nutritional consultation: Education of patients with chronic kidney disease that may need to limit their intake of protein, salt, phosphorus and potassium to prevent further complication of chronic kidney disease

• 8 Private examination rooms
• Treatment rooms for minor procedures
• Vital signs & phlebotomy stations
• Education room
• Education material (Handouts, flipcharts, video)