What is an Artificial Disc Replacement?
Artificial disc replacement surgery replaces one or more degenerated or damaged
discs with new, artificial ones. An artificial disc is a device that is implanted
into the spine to perform the functions of a normal disc.
How is it done?
Surgery generally takes one to two hours. It is performed under general anesthesia
which means you will sleep through the surgery. The surgery involves removing the
deteriorated disc from between the vertebrae and implanting an artificial disc made
of metal and plastic. A general surgeon accesses the spine by making an incision
over the area of the spine that is being treated. A discectomy is then performed
to remove the remains of the patient’s herniated disc. An artificial disc is fitted
to the area and then affixed to the gap in the vertebrae directly above and below
the artificial disc.
Why is it done?
Artificial disc replacement surgery is performed to treat degenerative disc disease
and chronic pain while maintaining full mobility in the portion of the spine being
treated.
Risks & complications
Complications are infrequent and usually minor. However, as with any surgery, there
are risks, including the possibility of:
- Nerve root damage leading to a sensation of numbness, tingling or weakness in the
legs
- Tears to the protective coating around the nerves and spinal chord (dural tissue)
- Pain that persists or worsens after surgery
- Reaction to the anesthesia
- Infection requiring antibiotics and in some cases hospitalization
- Instrument problems -loosening of instruments after surgery
Risks can be reduced by following the surgeon's instructions before and after surgery.
Alternatives
The surgeon may discuss alternative approaches to the artificial disc replacement
procedure, including disc fusion surgery. Injections, medication, chiropractic care
and physical therapy may be offered in lieu of disc replacement.
Candidate eligibility
The best candidates for artificial disc replacement are healthy adults with strong
bones who suffer from chronic lower back pain as a result of degenerative disc disease
that does not respond to non-operative care. The surgeon will make the final determination
of each patient’s eligibility for the procedure after an examination and consultation
with the patient.